EthernetAddress.java
/* JUG Java Uuid Generator
*
* Copyright (c) 2002- Tatu Saloranta, tatu.saloranta@iki.fi
*
* Licensed under the License specified in the file LICENSE which is
* included with the source code.
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/*
* Portions Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation
*/
package com.azure.cosmos.implementation.uuid;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.NetworkInterface;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* EthernetAddress encapsulates the 6-byte MAC address defined in
* IEEE 802.1 standard.
*/
public class EthernetAddress
implements Serializable, Cloneable, Comparable<EthernetAddress>
{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private final static char[] HEX_CHARS = "0123456789abcdefABCDEF".toCharArray();
/**
* We may need a random number generator, for creating dummy ethernet
* address if no real interface is found.
*/
protected static Random _rnd;
/**
* 48-bit MAC address, stored in 6 lowest-significant bytes (in
* big endian notation)
*/
protected final long _address;
/**
* Lazily-constructed String serialization
*/
private volatile String _asString;
/*
/**********************************************************************
/* Instance construction
/**********************************************************************
*/
/**
* String constructor; given a 'standard' ethernet MAC address string
* (like '00:C0:F0:3D:5B:7C'), constructs an EthernetAddress instance.
*
* Note that string is case-insensitive, and also that leading zeroes
* may be omitted. Thus '00:C0:F0:3D:5B:7C' and '0:c0:f0:3d:5b:7c' are
* equivalent, and a 'null' address could be passed as ':::::' as well
* as '00:00:00:00:00:00' (or any other intermediate combination).
*
* @param addrStr String representation of the ethernet address
*/
public EthernetAddress(String addrStr)
throws NumberFormatException
{
int len = addrStr.length();
long addr = 0L;
/* Ugh. Although the most logical format would be the 17-char one
* (12 hex digits separated by colons), apparently leading zeroes
* can be omitted. Thus... Can't just check string length. :-/
*/
for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < 6; ++j) {
if (i >= len) {
// Is valid if this would have been the last byte:
if (j == 5) {
addr <<= 8;
break;
}
throw new NumberFormatException("Incomplete ethernet address (missing one or more digits");
}
char c = addrStr.charAt(i);
++i;
int value;
// The whole number may be omitted (if it was zero):
if (c == ':') {
value = 0;
} else {
// No, got at least one digit?
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
value = (c - '0');
} else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
value = (c - 'a' + 10);
} else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
value = (c - 'A' + 10);
} else {
throw new NumberFormatException("Non-hex character '"+c+"'");
}
// How about another one?
if (i < len) {
c = addrStr.charAt(i);
++i;
if (c != ':') {
value = (value << 4);
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
value |= (c - '0');
} else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
value |= (c - 'a' + 10);
} else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
value |= (c - 'A' + 10);
} else {
throw new NumberFormatException("Non-hex character '"+c+"'");
}
}
}
}
addr = (addr << 8) | value;
if (c != ':') {
if (i < len) {
if (addrStr.charAt(i) != ':') {
throw new NumberFormatException("Expected ':', got ('"+ addrStr.charAt(i)+"')");
}
++i;
} else if (j < 5) {
throw new NumberFormatException("Incomplete ethernet address (missing one or more digits");
}
}
}
_address = addr;
}
/**
* Binary constructor that constructs an instance given the 6 byte
* (48-bit) address. Useful if an address is saved in binary format
* (for saving space for example).
*/
public EthernetAddress(byte [] addr)
throws NumberFormatException
{
if (addr.length != 6) {
throw new NumberFormatException("Ethernet address has to consist of 6 bytes");
}
long l = addr[0] & 0xFF;
for (int i = 1; i < 6; ++i) {
l = (l << 8) | (addr[i] & 0xFF);
}
_address = l;
}
/**
* Another binary constructor; constructs an instance from the given
* long argument; the lowest 6 bytes contain the address.
*
* @param addr long that contains the MAC address in 6 least significant
* bytes.
*/
public EthernetAddress(long addr) {
_address = addr;
}
/**
* Default cloning behaviour (bitwise copy) is just fine...
*/
@Override
public Object clone()
{
return new EthernetAddress(_address);
}
/**
* Constructs a new EthernetAddress given the byte array that contains
* binary representation of the address.
*
* Note that calling this method returns the same result as would
* using the matching constructor.
*
* @param addr Binary representation of the ethernet address
*
* @throws NumberFormatException if addr is invalid (less or more than
* 6 bytes in array)
*/
public static EthernetAddress valueOf(byte[] addr)
throws NumberFormatException
{
return new EthernetAddress(addr);
}
/**
* Constructs a new EthernetAddress given the byte array that contains
* binary representation of the address.
*
* Note that calling this method returns the same result as would
* using the matching constructor.
*
* @param addr Binary representation of the ethernet address
*
* @throws NumberFormatException if addr is invalid (less or more than
* 6 ints in array)
*/
public static EthernetAddress valueOf(int[] addr)
throws NumberFormatException
{
byte[] bAddr = new byte[addr.length];
for (int i = 0; i < addr.length; ++i) {
bAddr[i] = (byte) addr[i];
}
return new EthernetAddress(bAddr);
}
/**
* Constructs a new EthernetAddress given a string representation of
* the ethernet address.
*
* Note that calling this method returns the same result as would
* using the matching constructor.
*
* @param addrStr String representation of the ethernet address
*
* @throws NumberFormatException if addr representation is invalid
*/
public static EthernetAddress valueOf(String addrStr)
throws NumberFormatException
{
return new EthernetAddress(addrStr);
}
/**
* Constructs a new EthernetAddress given the long int value (64-bit)
* representation of the ethernet address (of which 48 LSB contain
* the definition)
*
* Note that calling this method returns the same result as would
* using the matching constructor.
*
* @param addr Long int representation of the ethernet address
*/
public static EthernetAddress valueOf(long addr)
{
return new EthernetAddress(addr);
}
/**
* Factory method that locates a network interface that has
* a suitable mac address (ethernet cards, and things that
* emulate one), and return that address. If there are multiple
* applicable interfaces, one of them is returned; which one
* is returned is not specified.
* Method is meant for accessing an address needed to construct
* generator for time+location based UUID generation method.
*
* @return Ethernet address of one of interfaces system has;
* not including local or loopback addresses; if one exists,
* null if no such interfaces are found.
*/
public static EthernetAddress fromInterface()
{
try {
Enumeration<NetworkInterface> en = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
while (en.hasMoreElements()) {
NetworkInterface nint = en.nextElement();
if (!nint.isLoopback()) {
byte[] data = nint.getHardwareAddress();
if (data != null && data.length == 6) {
return new EthernetAddress(data);
}
}
}
} catch (java.net.SocketException e) {
// fine, let's take is as signal of not having any interfaces
}
return null;
}
/**
* Factory method that can be used to construct a random multicast
* address; to be used in cases where there is no "real" ethernet
* address to use. Address to generate should be a multicase address
* to avoid accidental collision with real manufacturer-assigned
* MAC addresses.
*<p>
* Internally a {@link SecureRandom} instance is used for generating
* random number to base address on.
*/
public static EthernetAddress constructMulticastAddress()
{
return constructMulticastAddress(_randomNumberGenerator());
}
/**
* Factory method that can be used to construct a random multicast
* address; to be used in cases where there is no "real" ethernet
* address to use. Address to generate should be a multicase address
* to avoid accidental collision with real manufacturer-assigned
* MAC addresses.
*<p>
* Address is created using specified random number generator.
*/
public static EthernetAddress constructMulticastAddress(Random rnd)
{
byte[] dummy = new byte[6];
synchronized (rnd) {
rnd.nextBytes(dummy);
}
/* Need to set the broadcast bit to indicate it's not a real
* address.
*/
/* 20-May-2010, tatu: Actually, we could use both second least-sig-bit
* ("locally administered") or the LSB (multicast), as neither is
* ever set for 'real' addresses.
* Since UUID specs recommends latter, use that.
*/
dummy[0] |= (byte) 0x01;
return new EthernetAddress(dummy);
}
/*
/**********************************************************************
/* Conversions to raw types
/**********************************************************************
*/
/**
* Returns 6 byte byte array that contains the binary representation
* of this ethernet address; byte 0 is the most significant byte
* (and so forth)
*
* @return 6 byte byte array that contains the binary representation
*/
public byte[] asByteArray()
{
byte[] result = new byte[6];
toByteArray(result);
return result;
}
/**
* Synonym to 'asByteArray()'
*
* @return 6 byte byte array that contains the binary representation
*/
public byte[] toByteArray() { return asByteArray(); }
public void toByteArray(byte[] array) {
if (array.length < 6) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Too small array, need to have space for 6 bytes");
}
toByteArray(array, 0);
}
public void toByteArray(byte[] array, int pos)
{
if (pos < 0 || (pos + 6) > array.length) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal offset ("+pos+"), need room for 6 bytes");
}
int i = (int) (_address >> 32);
array[pos++] = (byte) (i >> 8);
array[pos++] = (byte) i;
i = (int) _address;
array[pos++] = (byte) (i >> 24);
array[pos++] = (byte) (i >> 16);
array[pos++] = (byte) (i >> 8);
array[pos] = (byte) i;
}
public long toLong() {
return _address;
}
/*
/**********************************************************************
/* Accessors
/**********************************************************************
*/
/**
* Method that can be used to check if this address refers
* to a multicast address.
* Such addresses are never assigned to individual network
* cards.
*/
public boolean isMulticastAddress() {
return (((int) (_address >> 40)) & 0x01) != 0;
}
/**
* Method that can be used to check if this address refers
* to a "locally administered address"
* (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address] for details).
* Such addresses are not assigned to individual network
* cards.
*/
public boolean isLocallyAdministeredAddress() {
return (((int) (_address >> 40)) & 0x02) != 0;
}
/*
/**********************************************************************
/* Standard methods
/**********************************************************************
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o)
{
if (o == this) return true;
if (o == null) return false;
if (o.getClass() != getClass()) return false;
return ((EthernetAddress) o)._address == _address;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return Objects.hash(_address, _asString);
}
/**
* Method that compares this EthernetAddress to one passed in as
* argument. Comparison is done simply by comparing individual
* address bytes in the order.
*
* @return negative number if this EthernetAddress should be sorted before the
* parameter address if they are equal, os positive non-zero number if this address
* should be sorted after parameter
*/
@Override
public int compareTo(EthernetAddress other)
{
long l = _address - other._address;
if (l < 0L) return -1;
return (l == 0L) ? 0 : 1;
}
/**
* Returns the canonical string representation of this ethernet address.
* Canonical means that all characters are lower-case and string length
* is always 17 characters (ie. leading zeroes are not omitted).
*
* @return Canonical string representation of this ethernet address.
*/
@Override
public String toString()
{
String str = _asString;
if (str != null) {
return str;
}
/* Let's not cache the output here (unlike with UUID), assuming
* this won't be called as often:
*/
StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(17);
int i1 = (int) (_address >> 32);
int i2 = (int) _address;
_appendHex(b, i1 >> 8);
b.append(':');
_appendHex(b, i1);
b.append(':');
_appendHex(b, i2 >> 24);
b.append(':');
_appendHex(b, i2 >> 16);
b.append(':');
_appendHex(b, i2 >> 8);
b.append(':');
_appendHex(b, i2);
_asString = str = b.toString();
return str;
}
/*
/**********************************************************************
/* Internal methods
/**********************************************************************
*/
/**
* Helper method for accessing configured random number generator
*/
protected synchronized static Random _randomNumberGenerator()
{
if (_rnd == null) {
_rnd = new SecureRandom();
}
return _rnd;
}
private final void _appendHex(StringBuilder sb, int hex)
{
sb.append(HEX_CHARS[(hex >> 4) & 0xF]);
sb.append(HEX_CHARS[(hex & 0x0f)]);
}
}